Tài liệu Handbook of SPECIALTY ELASTOMERS pptx

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CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Klingender, Robert C.
Handbook of specialty elastomers / Robert C. Klingender.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-57444-676-0 (alk. paper)
1. Elastomers Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.
TS1925.K46 2007
620.1’94 dc22 2007020182
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
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Contents
Preface vii
Editor ix
Contributors xi
Chapter 1 Polychloroprene Rubber 1
Rudiger Musch and Hans Magg
Chapter 2 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber 39
Robert C. Klingender
Chapter 3 Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber 93
Robert W. Keller
Chapter 4 Fluoroelastomers, FKM, and FEPM 133
Pascal Ferrandez
Chapter 5 Polyacrylate Elastomers—Properties and Applications 155
Robert C. Klingender
Chapter 6 Ethylene=Acrylic (AEM) Elastomer Formulation Design 193
Lawrence C. Muschiatti, Yun-Tai Wu, Edward McBride,
and Klaus Kammerer
Chapter 7 Polyepichlorohydrin Elastomer 245
Robert C. Klingender
Chapter 8 Compounding with Chlorinated Polyethylene 289
Ray Laakso
Chapter 9 Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene and Alkylated
Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene 301
Robert C. Klingender
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v
Chapter 10 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Elastomers (EVM)
(ASTM Designation AEM) 343
Hermann Meisenheimer and Andrea Zens
Chapter 11 Polysulfide Elastomers 369
Stephen K. Flanders and Robert C. Klingender
Chapter 12 Plasticizers, Process Oils, Vulcanized Vegetable Oils 387
Peter C. Rand
Chapter 13 Vulcanization Agents for Specialty Elastomers 409
Robert F. Ohm
Chapter 14 Antioxidants for Specialty Elastomers 429
Russell A. Mazzeo
Chapter 15 Processing Aids for Specialty Elastomers 477
Jerry M. Sherritt
Chapter 16 Considerations in the Design of a Rubber Formulation 493
Robert C. Klingender
Part A: Oil Field Elastomer ic Products 495
Robert C. Klingender
Part B: Life Prediction 515
John Vicic
Part C: Compression, Transfer, and Injection Molding
of Specialty Elastomers 519
Robert W. Keller
Index 543
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vi
Preface
The Handbook of Specialty Elastomers was conceived as a single refere nce source for
the rubber compounder with some experience in designing parts in the rubber
industry. The definition of specialty elastomers referenced in this publication is heat,
oil, fuel, and solvent-resistant polymers that include polychloroprene (CR), nitrile
rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), fluoroelastomer (FKM), poly-
acrylate (ACM), ethylene acrylic elastomer (AEM), polyepichlorohydrin (CO, ECO),
chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), ethylene
vinyl acetate (EAM), and thiokol (T).
In addition to the information on the specialty elastomers, chapters on the more
important ingredients used with them are included. These are plasticizers, vulcan-
ization agents, antioxidants and antiozonants, and process aids.
The final chapter, in three sections, provides one example of industry require-
ments for rubber parts, considerations to be made concerning the life expectancy of
elastomer compounds and processing factors to be taken into account in the molding
operation of a rubber factory.
It is the desire of the editor and contributing authors that this book provide a
comprehensive insight into the process of designing rubber formulations based on
specialty elastomers.
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Editor
Robert C. Klingender, a g raduate of the University of Toronto with a BASc
degree in chemical engineering, is retired after serving over 54 years in the rubber
industry. During that time he worked at Gutta Percha & Rubber Ltd., a mechanical
rubber goods manufacturer, as assistant chief chemist; Polysar Ltd., a synthetic rubber
producer, as technical service manager, technical service and sales district manager,
technical director of custom mixing; Goldsmith & Eggleton, a distributor for Nippon
Zeon, as vice president, technical products; and Zeon Chemicals, LLC, a synthetic
rubber producer in various technical sales and marketing functions. Bob’s career
focused on specialty elastomer applications in the mechanical and automotive
products industries.
Service to the rubber industry has been Klingender’s passion over the years,
having served in many capacities in the Rubber Division, ACS as well as the
Chicago, Wisconsin, Twin Cities and Northeast Ohio rubber groups.
In his various capacities, Klingender authored or coauthored over 15 technical
papers for the Rubber Division, ACS and various local rubber groups. In addition
he wrote some 25 technical bulletins and contributed a chapter on ‘‘Miscellaneous
Elastomers’’ to Rubber Technology, third edition, edited by Maurice Morton.
After retireme nt Robert has concentrated more on golf (with not too much
success), playing bridge, and gourmet cooking (a skilled rubber compounder can
also work well with food recipes).
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Contributors
Pascal Ferrand ez
DuPont Performance Elastomers, LLC
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.
Stephen K. Flanders (Deceased)
Morton International, Inc.
Woodstock, Illinois, U.S.A.
Klaus Kammerer
DuPont Performance Elastomers
International S.A.
Geneva, Switzerland
Robert W. Keller
Consultant
Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Robert C. Klingender
Specialty Elastomer Consulting
Arlington Heights, Illinois, U.S.A.
Ray Laakso
The Dow Chemical Company
Plaquemine, Lou siana, U.S.A.
Hans Magg
Bayer Corporat ion
Leverkusen, Germany
Russell A. Mazzeo
Mazzeo Enterprises
Waterbury, Con necticut, U.S.A.
Edward McBride
DuPont Packaging and Industrial
Polymers
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.
Hermann Meisenheimer (Retired)
Bayer Corporation
Leverkusen, Germany
Rudiger Musch (Retired)
Bayer Corporation
Leverkusen, Germany
Lawrence C. Muschiatti
DuPont Performance Elastomers LLC
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.
Robert F. Ohm
Lion Copolymer, LLC
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Peter C. Rand
Merrand International Corporation
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
Jerry M. Sherritt (Retired)
Struktol Company
Barberton, Ohio, U.S.A.
John Vicic
Weatherford International, Inc.
Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Yun-Tai Wu
DuPont Packaging and Industrial
Polymers
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.
Andrea Zens
Bayer Corporation
Leverkusen, Germany
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1
Polychloroprene
Rubber
Rudiger Musch and Hans Magg
CONTENTS
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 History, Polymerization, Structure, and Properties 2
1.2.1 History 2
1.2.2 Chloroprene Monomer Production 3
1.2.3 Polymerization and Copolymerization 3
1.2.4 Structure and Structural Variables 4
1.2.5 Structure and Properties 8
1.2.5.1 General Purpose Grades 8
1.2.5.2 Precrosslinked Grades 10
1.2.5.3 Sulfur-Modified Grades (S-Grades) 10
1.2.6 Commercially Available CR Rubbers 11
1.2.7 Compounding and Processing 14
1.2.7.1 Selection of Chloroprene Rubber Grades 14
1.2.7.2 Blends with Other Elastomers 14
1.2.7.3 Accelerators 15
1.2.7.4 Antioxidants, Antiozonants 17
1.2.7.5 Fillers 19
1.2.7.6 Plasticizers 21
1.2.7.7 Miscellaneous Compounding Ingredients 23
1.2.8 Processing 24
1.2.9 Properties and Applications 25
1.2.9.1 General 25
1.2.9.2 Physical Properties 25
1.2.9.3 Aging and Heat Resistance 26
1.2.9.4 Low-Temperature Flexibility 27
1.2.9.5 Flame Retardance 28
1.2.9.6 Resistance to Various Fluids 29
1.2.9.7 Resistance to Fungi and Bacteria 29
1.2.10 Applications 29
1.2.10.1 Hoses 29
1.2.10.2 Molded Goods 32
1.2.10.3 Belting 34
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